A conflict of interest (COI) is a situation in which a person or organization is involved in multiple interests, financial or otherwise, and serving one interest could involve working against another. Typically, this relates to situations in which the personal interest of an individual or organization might adversely affect a duty owed to make decisions for the benefit of a third party.
An "interest" is a commitment, obligation, duty or goal associated with a particular social role or practice. By definition, a "conflict of interest" occurs if, within a particular decision-making context, an individual is subject to two coexisting interests that are in direct conflict with each other. Such a matter is of importance because under such circumstances the decision-making process can be disrupted or compromised in a manner that affects the integrity or the reliability of the outcomes.
Typically, a conflict of interest arises when an individual finds himself or herself occupying two social roles simultaneously which generate opposing benefits or loyalties. The interests involved can be pecuniary or non-pecuniary. The existence of such conflicts is an objective fact, not a state of mind, and does not in itself indicate any lapse or moral error. However, especially where a decision is being taken in a fiduciary context, it is important that the contending interests be clearly identified and the process for separating them is rigorously established. Typically, this will involve the conflicted individual either giving up one of the conflicting roles or else recusing himself or herself from the particular decision-making process that is in question.
The presence of a conflict of interest is independent of the occurrence of Inappropriateness. Therefore, a conflict of interest can be discovered and voluntarily defused before any corruption occurs. A conflict of interest exists if the circumstances are reasonably believed (on the basis of past experience and objective evidence) to create a risk that a decision may be unduly influenced by other, secondary interests, and not on whether a particular individual is actually influenced by a secondary interest.
A widely used definition is: "A conflict of interest is a set of circumstances that creates a risk that professional judgement or actions regarding a primary interest will be unduly influenced by a secondary interest." Primary interest refers to the principal goals of the profession or activity, such as the protection of clients, the health of patients, the integrity of research, and the duties of public officer. Secondary interest includes personal benefit and is not limited to only financial gain but also such motives as the desire for professional advancement, or the wish to do favours for family and friends. These secondary interests are not treated as wrong in and of themselves, but become objectionable when they are believed to have greater weight than the primary interests. Conflict of interest rules in the public sphere mainly focus on financial relationships since they are relatively more objective, fungible, and quantifiable, and usually involve the political, legal, and medical fields.
A conflict of interest is a set of conditions in which professional judgment concerning a primary interest (such as a patient's welfare or the validity of research) tends to be unduly influenced by a secondary interest (such as financial gain). Conflict-of-interest rules [...] regulate the disclosure and avoidance of these conditions.
What was planned is now being said openly!Biden says U.S. could be drawn into Israel-Iran conflict
17 APRIL 2024
“Should Iran manage to significantly escalate attacks on Israel, the US could be drawn into the conflict." Said Joe Biden to the Wall Street Journal. Uh Oh.
Biden went on...
Frankfurt Zoological Society
Serengeti Ecosystem Conservation Programme
Human-Wildlife Conflict Driver and Field Responder
Job Profile
FZS mission: We conserve wildlife and ecosystems focusing on protected areas and outstanding wild places FZS Serengeti Ecosystem Conservation Programme...
ACT Wazalendo’ Government Oversight Committee (Shadow Cabinet) express our concerns on escalating tensions between Israel and Palestine that has had devastating effects on the lives of people in the region for the past 75 years.
We reiterate the AU statement recalling that denial of the...
Zito Kabwe, Kiongozi wa chama cha ACT amekuwa kimya kwa masuala makubwa yanayoikumba Tanzania, Tanganyika in particular. Kwa tunaomfahamu Zitto Kabwe na umahili wake wa kuchambua mambo ya kisiasa, kiuchumi n.k. leo hii amekuwa kimya katika suala la Bandari, Loliondo, Ngorongoro, katiba mpya with...
Europeans are weighing getting to know Kenyan's whether they are perfect people like them or we have a little crime to be perfect human beings like them.
Even monkeys and apes if you give them bananas they always turn out to be your friends through conditioning (influence) without using their...
“The truth is incontrovertible. Malice may attack it, ignorance may deride it, but in the end, there it is.” Winston Churchill
The current conflict between the US/UK/NATO and Russia is due to one simple reason: the Ashkenazim, also known as Ashkenazi Jews. They have many scores to settle with...
Wizara ya Mambo ya nje ya China imeiagiza serikali ya Amerika kufunga ofisi ya wanadiplomasia huko Chengdu, hatua ya Beijing iliona majibu ya barua-mbili kwa kufukuzwa kwa Washington kwa wafanyikazi wa ubalozi wa China kutoka kituo huko Texas.
Beijing orders US to close its consulate in Chengdu...
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